The difference between naval navigation and air navigation
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Refer to Lesson 2 of the Navigation unit for more detailed information on dead reckoning.ĭead reckoning is the process of navigation by advancing a known position using course, speed, time and distance to be traveled. All navigation requires use of the concept of dead reckoning.
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There are different navigation needs depending on whether you are traveling on land, sea, air or in space.Įven though traveling in different environments requires different types of information, like maps, some things are common to all navigation. For example, a topographical map would not help you navigate on the sea. Navigating on land is very different than in the water, in the air, or in space because all each type of navigating requires different types of information. Navigation is used in all sorts of environments, and it is, therefore, always important to know your location. Most of us know about navigating on land we do it everyday when we are walking home or driving to the store. Lesson Background and Concepts for Teachers Tell students that in today's lesson we are going to be talking about the different types of maps that are used in the different environments - land, sea and air. People on Earth can locate satellites by using big telescopes that look for special types of light emitted by the satellites.Īsk students if anyone has ever navigated with a map on land? What was that like? Ask the same questions for air and water. What about traveling in space? How do astronauts have any idea about where they are? There certainly are no street signs in space. Students can learn the major features of nautical charts by looking at a real charts and drawing their own in the associated activity Nautical Navigation. Nautical charts allow sailors to determine exactly where they are on a large body of water. Seeing lighthouses helps sailors avoid hitting land or crashing into rocks.
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They have a big, bright light so sailors can easily see them day or night, in good weather or in storms. They are like street signs for the ocean. Lighthouses are a great example of landmarks for sailors. Does a city street map help you travel in a sailboat? (Possible answer: No, because there are no street signs on the ocean.) Street maps help you navigate by showing landmarks like street names, but there are no street signs on the ocean! What kinds of landmarks may be found when traveling on the sea? (Possible answers: Lighthouses, beacons, islands, buoys.) During the past few millennia, many nations and peoples have created landmarks that are either on land and visible from sea or floating in the water, like buoys. Pose the same questions for traveling by sea. (Possible answers: You are up in the air, you are going faster.) Do the students think that using a standard city street map would help them navigate from an airplane? (Possible answer: No, because you would pass over a city in a couple minutes.) What kind of map would be useful for flying an airplane? (Possible answer: One that covers a much larger area.) Maps for pilots are called aeronautical charts, and we will take a look at them today. With the students, brainstorm the differences between traveling in an airplane and traveling on foot. Understand beacon nomenclature, symbols and information as found on nautical charts.Explain the concept of dead reckoning (relationship between speed, time, distance and direction) as it applies to navigation estimation.Identify major features and read the fundamental symbols and information provided on land maps, nautical charts and aeronautical charts.Understand fundamental differences between navigation on land, water, air and in space.This process of gathering and analyzing data to better understand problems and formulate solutions is used in all engineering disciplines.Īfter this activity, students should be able to: By combining their expertise in inventing measurement and data gathering tools with their ability to analyze and learn from past failures, engineers continually improve designs and systems for the benefit of people. Understanding the science of natural phenomena enables engineers to design and build appropriate structures and systems. For example, an explorer traveling by land uses different navigation methods and tools than a sailor or an astronaut.Įngineers adapt their fundamental science and math skills to different situations. Students learn that navigational techniques change when people travel to different places - land, sea, air and space. Making GPS Art: Draw It, Walk It, Log It, Display It! Navigational Techniques by Land, Sea, Air and Space Triangulate: Topos, Compasses and Triangles, Oh My! Northward Ho! Create and Use Simple CompassesĪccuracy, Precision and Errors in Navigation: Getting It Right!Ĭlose Enough? Angles & Accuracy of Measurement in Navigation